About Alexandria
Alexandria is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic center, extending about 32 km along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country. Founded in c. 331 BC by Alexander the Great, Alexandria grew rapidly and became a major center of Hellenic civilization, eventually replacing Memphis as Egypt's capital.
Renowned for its legendary Lighthouse (one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) and its Great Library (the largest in the ancient world), Alexandria was the intellectual and cultural hub of the ancient Mediterranean world. Today, it remains an important industrial center and Egypt's main seaport.
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Quick Facts
- Founded: 331 BC by Alexander the Great
- Population: Over 5 million
- Area: 2,679 km²
- Climate: Mediterranean (mild winters, hot summers)
- Famous Landmarks: Qaitbay Citadel, Pompey's Pillar, Montaza Palace
- Modern Library: Bibliotheca Alexandrina opened 2002
- Economy: Major seaport, petroleum refining, food processing
Visiting Alexandria
Alexandria enjoys a pleasant Mediterranean climate, making it a year-round destination, though spring (March-May) and autumn (September-November) offer the most comfortable temperatures. The city is easily accessible by train from Cairo (2-3 hours) or by air through Borg El Arab International Airport.
Key attractions include the Roman-era Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa, the impressive Bibliotheca Alexandrina (a modern reimagining of the ancient library), the Montaza Palace gardens, and the Alexandria National Museum. The Corniche waterfront offers beautiful Mediterranean views and seafood restaurants.
Alexandria makes an excellent base for exploring other northern coastal sites like El Alamein and Marsa Matrouh. The city has a range of accommodation options from historic luxury hotels to modern beach resorts.